PipeWire: Protocol Pulse

PipeWire 1.6.8

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Protocol Pulse

This module implements a complete PulseAudio server on top of PipeWire.

This is only the server implementation, client are expected to use the original PulseAudio client library. This provides a high level of compatibility with existing applications; in fact, all usual PulseAudio tools such as pavucontrol, pactl, pamon, paplay should continue to work as they did before.

This module is usually loaded as part of a standalone pipewire process, called pipewire-pulse, with the pipewire-pulse.conf config file.

The pulse server implements a sample cache that is otherwise not available in PipeWire.

# Module Name

libpipewire-module-protocol-pulse

# Module Options

The module arguments can be the contents of the pulse.properties but it is recommended to make a separate pulse.properties section in the config file so that overrides can be done.

# pulse.properties

A config section with server properties can be given.

# ~/.config/pipewire/pipewire-pulse.conf.d/custom.conf
pulse.properties = {
# the addresses this server listens on
server.address = [
"unix:native"
#"unix:/tmp/something" # absolute paths may be used
#"tcp:4713" # IPv4 and IPv6 on all addresses
#"tcp:[::]:9999" # IPv6 on all addresses
#"tcp:127.0.0.1:8888" # IPv4 on a single address
#
#{ address = "tcp:4713" # address
# max-clients = 64 # maximum number of clients
# listen-backlog = 32 # backlog in the server listen queue
# client.access = "restricted" # permissions for clients
#}
]
#server.dbus-name = "org.pulseaudio.Server"
#pulse.allow-module-loading = true
#pulse.min.req = 256/48000 # 5.3ms
#pulse.default.req = 960/48000 # 20 milliseconds
#pulse.min.frag = 256/48000 # 5.3ms
#pulse.default.frag = 96000/48000 # 2 seconds
#pulse.default.tlength = 96000/48000 # 2 seconds
#pulse.min.quantum = 256/48000 # 5.3ms
#pulse.default.format = F32
#pulse.default.position = [ FL FR ]
#pulse.idle.timeout = 0
}
pulse.properties.rules = [
{ matches = [ { cpu.vm.name = !null } ]
actions = {
update-props = {
# These overrides are only applied when running in a vm.
pulse.min.quantum = 1024/48000 # 22ms
}
}
}
]

## Connection options

...
server.address = [
"unix:native"
# "tcp:4713"
]
...

The addresses the server listens on when starting. Uncomment the tcp:4713 entry to also make the server listen on a tcp socket. This is equivalent to loading libpipewire-module-native-protocol-tcp.

There is also a slightly more verbose syntax with more options:

....
server.address = [
{ address = "tcp:4713" # address
max-clients = 64 # maximum number of clients
listen-backlog = 32 # backlog in the server listen queue
client.access = "restricted" # permissions for clients
}
....

Use client.access to use one of the access methods to restrict the permissions given to clients connected via this address.

By default network access is given the "restricted" permissions. The session manager is responsible for assigning permission to clients with restricted permissions (usually read-only permissions).

server.dbus-name = "org.pulseaudio.Server"

The DBus name to reserve for the server. If you have multiple servers, you might want to change the name.

pulse.allow-module-loading = true

By default, clients are allowed to load and unload modules. You can disable this feature with this option.

## Playback buffering options

pulse.min.req = 256/48000 # 5.3ms

The minimum amount of data to request for clients. The client requested values will be clamped to this value. Lowering this value together with tlength can decrease latency if the client wants this, but increase CPU overhead.

pulse.default.req = 960/48000 # 20 milliseconds

The default amount of data to request for clients. If the client does not specify any particular value, this default will be used. Lowering this value together with tlength can decrease latency but increase CPU overhead.

pulse.default.tlength = 96000/48000 # 2 seconds

The target amount of data to buffer on the server side. If the client did not specify a value, this default will be used. Lower values can decrease the latency.

## Record buffering options

pulse.min.frag = 256/48000 # 5.3ms

The minimum allowed size of the capture buffer before it is sent to a client. The requested value of the client will be clamped to this. Lowering this value can reduce latency at the expense of more CPU usage.

pulse.default.frag = 96000/48000 # 2 seconds

The default size of the capture buffer before it is sent to a client. If the client did not specify any value, this default will be used. Lowering this value can reduce latency at the expense of more CPU usage.

## Scheduling options

pulse.min.quantum = 256/48000 # 5.3ms

The minimum quantum (buffer size in samples) to use for pulseaudio clients. This value is calculated based on the frag and req/tlength for record and playback streams respectively and then clamped to this value to ensure no pulseaudio client asks for too small quantums. Lowering this value might decrease latency at the expense of more CPU usage.

## Format options

pulse.default.format = F32

Some modules will default to this format when no other format was given. This is equivalent to the PulseAudio default-sample-format option in /etc/pulse/daemon.conf.

pulse.default.position = [ FL FR ]

Some modules will default to this channelmap (with its number of channels). This is equivalent to the PulseAudio default-sample-channels and default-channel-map options in /etc/pulse/daemon.conf.

## Quirk options

pulse.fix.format = "S16LE"

When a stream uses the FIX_FORMAT flag, fixate the format to this value. Normally the format would be fixed to the sink/source that the stream connects to. When an invalid format (null or "") is set, the FIX_FORMAT flag is ignored.

pulse.fix.rate = 48000

When a stream uses the FIX_RATE flag, fixate the sample rate to this value. Normally the rate would be fixed to the sink/source that the stream connects to. When a 0 rate is set, the FIX_RATE flag is ignored.

pulse.fix.position = "[ FL FR ]"

When a stream uses the FIX_CHANNELS flag, fixate the channels to this value. Normally the channels would be fixed to the sink/source that the stream connects to. When an invalid position (null or "") is set, the FIX_CHANNELS flag is ignored.

pulse.idle.timeout = 0

Some clients are not sending data when they should and cause underruns. When setting this option such clients will be set to paused if they underrun for the given amount of seconds. This makes sure that sinks can suspend and save battery power. When the client resumes, it will unpause again. A value of 0 disables this feature.

# Command execution

As part of the server startup sequence, a set of commands can be executed. Currently, this can be used to load additional modules into the server.

# Extra commands can be executed here.
# load-module : loads a module with args and flags
# args = "<module-name> <module-args>"
# ( flags = [ "no-fail" ] )
# ( condition = [ { <key1> = <value1>, ... } ... ] )
# conditions will check the pulse.properties key/values.
pulse.cmd = [
{ cmd = "load-module" args = "module-always-sink" flags = [ ] }
#{ cmd = "load-module" args = "module-switch-on-connect" condition = [ { pulse.cmd.switch-on-connect = true } ]
#{ cmd = "load-module" args = "module-gsettings" flags = [ "nofail" ] }
]

# Dynamic properties

The pulse.properties can be dynamically updated with rules. It supports an update-props action. The matches will be performed on the values in context.properties.

pulse.properties.rules = [
{ matches = [ { cpu.vm.name = !null } ]
actions = {
update-props = {
# These overrides are only applied when running in a vm.
pulse.min.quantum = 1024/48000 # 22ms
}
}
}
]

In the above example, when running in a VM, the rule will override the properties in pulse.properties with the given values. This might be interesting because VMs usually can't support the low latency settings that are possible on real hardware.

# Stream settings and rules

Streams created by module-protocol-pulse will use the stream.properties section and stream.rules sections as usual.

# Application settings (Rules)

The pulse protocol module supports generic config rules. It supports a pulse.rules section with a quirks and an update-props action. These rules operate on the client properties (not the stream properties, see above).

# ~/.config/pipewire/pipewire-pulse.conf.d/custom.conf
pulse.rules = [
{
# skype does not want to use devices that don't have an S16 sample format.
matches = [
{ application.process.binary = "teams" }
{ application.process.binary = "teams-insiders" }
{ application.process.binary = "skypeforlinux" }
]
actions = { quirks = [ force-s16-info ] }
}
{
# speech dispatcher asks for too small latency and then underruns.
matches = [ { application.name = "~speech-dispatcher*" } ]
actions = {
update-props = {
pulse.min.req = 1024/48000 # 21ms
pulse.min.quantum = 1024/48000 # 21ms
pulse.idle.timeout = 5 # pause after 5 seconds of underrun
}
}
}
]

## Quirks

The quirks action takes an array of quirks to apply for the client.

- force-s16-info makes the sink and source introspect code pretend that the sample format is S16 (16 bits) samples. Some application refuse the sink/source if this is not the case.
- remove-capture-dont-move Removes the DONT_MOVE flag on capture streams. Some applications set this flag so that the stream can't be moved anymore with tools such as pavucontrol.
- block-source-volume blocks the client from updating any source volumes. This can be used to disable things like automatic gain control.
- block-sink-volume blocks the client from updating any sink volumes.
- block-record-stream blocks the client from creating any record stream.
- block-playback-stream blocks the client from creating any playback stream.

## update-props

Takes an object with the properties to update on the client. Common actions are to tweak the quantum values. You can use the stream specific keys in pulse.properties.

## startup notification

A newline will be written into the notification file descriptor when the server has started if the following environment variable is set:

- PIPEWIRE_PULSE_NOTIFICATION_FD

# Example configuration

# ~/.config/pipewire/pipewire-pulse.conf.d/custom.conf
context.modules = [
{ name = libpipewire-module-protocol-pulse
args = { }
}
]
pulse.properties = {
server.address = [ "unix:native" ]
}
pulse.rules = [
{
# skype does not want to use devices that don't have an S16 sample format.
matches = [
{ application.process.binary = "teams" }
{ application.process.binary = "teams-insiders" }
{ application.process.binary = "skypeforlinux" }
]
actions = { quirks = [ force-s16-info ] }
}
{
# speech dispatcher asks for too small latency and then underruns.
matches = [ { application.name = "~speech-dispatcher*" } ]
actions = {
update-props = {
pulse.min.req = 1024/48000 # 21ms
pulse.min.quantum = 1024/48000 # 21ms
pulse.idle.timeout = 5 # pause after 5 seconds of underrun
}
}
}
]